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Japanese Instrument of Surrender
The Japanese Instrument of Surrender was the written agreement that formalized the surrender of the Empire of Japan, marking the end of World War II. It was signed by representatives from the Empire of Japan, the United States of America, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of Canada, the Provisional Government of the French Republic, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Dominion of New Zealand. The signing took place on the deck of in Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945.
The date is sometimes known as Victory over Japan Day, although that designation more frequently refers to the date of Emperor Hirohito's Gyokuon-hōsō (Imperial Rescript of Surrender), the radio broadcast announcement of the acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Declaration at noon Japan Standard Time on August 15.
==Surrender ceremony==
The ceremony aboard the deck of the ''Missouri'' lasted twenty three minutes and was broadcast throughout the world. The instrument was first signed by the Japanese foreign minister Mamoru Shigemitsu "By Command and on behalf of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Government" (9:04 am).〔Broom, Jack. ( "Memories on Board Battleship," ) ''Seattle Times.'' May 21, 1998.〕 General Yoshijirō Umezu, Chief of the Army General Staff, then signed the document "By Command and on behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters" signed (9:06 am).〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times'' )〕〔 ( photo at AWM of Umezu signing. )〕
At 9:08 a.m., U.S. General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, the Commander in the Southwest Pacific and Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, accepted the surrender on behalf of the Allied Powers and signed in his capacity as Supreme Commander.
After MacArthur's signature as Supreme Commander, the following representatives signed the instrument of surrender on behalf of each of the Allied Powers:
* Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz for the United States (9:12 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( photo at AWM, Nimitz signing. )〕
* General Hsu Yung-chang for China (9:13 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( AWM photo, Hsu Yung-chang signing. )〕
* Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser for the United Kingdom (9:14 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( photo at AWM, Fisher signing. )〕
* Lieutenant General Kuzma Derevyanko for the Soviet Union (9:16 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( AWM photo 040968, Derevyanko signing. )〕〔The Soviet Union had only declared war on Japan a month earlier, after the Hiroshima bombing.〕
* General Sir Thomas Blamey for Australia (9:17 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( AWM photo, Blamey about to sign. )〕
*Colonel Lawrence Moore Cosgrave for Canada (9:18 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( AWM photo, Cosgrave signing. )〕
*Général de Corps d'Armée Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque for France (9:20 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( AWM photo, Leclerc signing. )〕
* Lieutenant Admiral C. E. L. Helfrich for the Netherlands (9:21 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( AWM photo, Helfrich signing. )〕
* Air Vice-Marshal Leonard M. Isitt for New Zealand (9:22 a.m.)〔Broom, ( ''Seattle Times''; )〕〔 ( AWM photo, Isitt signing. )〕
On September 6, Colonel Bernard Theilen took the document and an imperial rescript to Washington, D.C., and presented them to President Harry S. Truman in a formal White House ceremony the following day. The documents were then exhibited at the National Archives.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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